The two modern liberties of Constant and Berlin

The paper challenges the general perception that positive–negative freedom discourse privileges negative liberty. It demonstrates Constant and Berlin’s dual conceptual scheme contains blueprint of a modern concept positive it reveals nature in an entirely new light. Constant’s ancient liberties have many similarities with two concepts – negative. shows these warrant parallel study allow us to examine relation between sides dichotomy by using compound terms modern/negative ancient/positive freedom. is argued understanding freedoms depends on accepting liberty as practiced participants revolutions. Then we can see why this both violate complement argues combined tension mutual dependency be explained tapping into metaphysical human agency, where metaphysics understood conceptualisation moral experience. This helps demonstrate rely satisfaction key category reflecting individuals’ capacity for subjective judgement.